Sympathectomy alters homeostasis: April 2014

The amount of compensatory sweating depends on the patient, the damage that the white rami communicans incurs, and the amount of cell body reorganization in the spinal cord after surgery.
Other potential complications include inadequate resection of the ganglia, gustatory sweating, pneumothorax, cardiac dysfunction, post-operative pain, and finally Horner’s syndrome secondary to resection of the stellate ganglion.
www.ubcmj.com/pdf/ubcmj_2_1_2010_24-29.pdf

After severing the cervical sympathetic trunk, the cells of the cervical sympathetic ganglion undergo transneuronic degeneration
After severing the sympathetic trunk, the cells of its origin undergo complete disintegration within a year.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1967.tb00255.x/abstract

Thursday, 24 April 2014

Method for Treatment of Hyperhidrosis, Raynauds Phenomenon, Cerebral Ischemia, Asthma and Hypertension

"Sympathetic Ganglion Stimulation Method for Treatment of Hyperhidrosis, Raynauds Phenomenon, Cerebral Ischemia, Asthma and Hypertension"

in Patent Application Approval Process
Chemicals & Chemistry (Nov 29, 2013): 2964."

Sympathectomy causes wall thinning, elongation, convolution, and aneurysm formation

"Sympathectomy causes basilar artery enlargment, which is beneficial for maintaining cerebral blood flow; however, it also causes wall thinning, elongation, convolution, and aneurysm formation, which may be hazardous in stenoocclusive carotid artery disease. Sympathectomy can prevent new vessel formation and hyperthyrophic changes at the posterior circulation. Neovascularisation is not detected adequately in sympathectomised animals."

Acta Neurochirurgica

156.5

(May 2014): 963-9.

Friday, 11 April 2014

the sympathetic fibers passing through the T2-3 ganglia play an important role in the elaboration or modulation of autonomic function elsewhere

The data indicate that the sympathetic fibers passing through the T2-3 ganglia play an important role in the elaboration or modulation of autonomic function elsewhere.

Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System
Volume 8, Issue 1, May 1983, Pages 33-43

This is the first study to examine post-SE (post-sympathectomy) dysfunction objectively

This is the first study to examine post-SE dysfunction objectively using TG after ALIF and XLIF, and the first to evaluate clinically, the severity of the post-SE syndrome. Before surgery we cannot foresee potentially poor SE results. For this reason, injury to the sympathetic chain during surgery must be avoided. The advantage of TG for identifying SE is its non-invasiveness and reliability.

The aim of this study was to identify retrospectively, lumbar sympathectomy (SE) using thermography (TG) and to evaluate clinically, the severity of post-sympathectomy (post-SE) dysfunction after anterior and lateral lumbar interbody fusion procedures (ALIF, XLIF).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263213

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we conclude that the sympathetic nervous system influences the metabolic activity of the aorta

The effect of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) on collagen formation in the aortic wall was investigated in rabbits and rats. Eight weeks after 6-OH-DA treatment of rabbits, there was a significant increase an collagen content in aortas and histologic changes in the elastic elements within the media. The possibility of a direct effect of 6-OH-DA on connective tissue formation was investigated in a subsequent experiment in rats. The rates of collagen synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase activity (PHA) were determined in aortas and in the fibrotic granuloma around subcutaneously implanted polyvinylalcohol sponges. Rates of collagen synthesis and PHA were significantly increased in the aortas of 6-OH-DA treated rats, but not in fibrotic granuloma, confirming the changes seen in the aorta of rabbits and suggesting that 6-OH-DA does not directly affect collagen synthesis. We conclude that the sympathetic nervous system influences the metabolic activity of the aorta. Our data indicate that when the aortic wall is deprived of adrenergic nervous stimulation, changes occur which resemble those seen in natural aging of the aorta. It is plausible to assume that such a metabolic derangement in the vessel wall will make these vessels more vulnerable to additional stresses.

Experimental and Molecular Pathology
Volume 28, Issue 3, June 1978, Pages 279-289

sympathectomy affects the heart, sweating, and circulation

heart rate was significantly reduced at rest (14%), at sub-maximal exercise (12.3%), and at peak exercise (5.7%), together with a significant increase in oxygen pulse (11.8, 12.7, and 7.8%, respectively). The rate pressure product (RPP) was also significantly reduced following the surgical procedure at all three study stages, while all other physiological variables measured remained unchanged. It is suggested that thoracic-sympathetic denervation affects the heart, sweating, and circulation of the respective denervated region

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Sep;104(1):79-86. Epub 2008 Jun 10.

sympathectomy interrupts neural messages to many different organs, glands and muscles

Surgical and chemical sympathectomy can alter cellular proliferation

Surgical denervation and chemical sympathectomy can alter cellular proliferation, B- and T-cell responsiveness and lymphocyte migration in lymphoid organs [17].

In vitro studies have shown that neuropeptides can have numerous effects, either inhibiting or stimulating the proliferation, differentiation and functions of immune cells [19]* Development of systemic lupus erythematosus in mice is associated with alteration of neuropeptide concentrations in inﬂamed kidneys and immunoregulatory organs

Neuroscience Letters 248 (1998) 97– 100

decreased conditioning-related activity in insula and amygdala after autonomic denervation

The degree to which perceptual awareness of threat stimuli and bodily states of arousal modulates neural activity associated with fear conditioning is unknown. We used functional magnetic neuroimaging (fMRI) to study healthy subjects and patients with peripheral autonomic denervation to examine how the expression of conditioning-related activity is modulated by stimulus awareness and autonomic arousal. In controls, enhanced amygdala activity was evident during conditioning to both "seen" (unmasked) and "unseen" (backward masked) stimuli, whereas insula activity was modulated by perceptual awareness of a threat stimulus. Absent peripheral autonomic arousal, in patients with autonomic denervation, was associated with decreased conditioning-related activity in insula and amygdala. The findings indicate that the expression of conditioning-related neural activity is modulated by both awareness and representations of bodily states of autonomic arousal.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11856537

second thoracic sympathetic ganglion was most commonly located (50%) in the second intercostal space

anatomic variations of the T2 nerve root

6 (9.1%) sides showed a single large ganglion formed by the stellate and the second thoracic sympathetic ganglia. The second thoracic sympathetic ganglion was most commonly located (50%) in the second intercostal space. Conclusion: The anatomic variations of the intrathoracic nerve of Kuntz and the second thoracic sympathetic ganglion were characterized in human cadavers. Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery Y. 2002, vol. 123, No. 3, pages 498-501 [bibl. : 14 ref. http://www.refdoc.fr/Detailnotice?idarticle=9466218