The sympathetic nervous system stimulates anti-inflammatory B cells in collagen-type II-induced arthritis

Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:432–439. doi:10.1136/ard.2011.153056 

Ablation of the Sympathetic Nervous System Decreases Gram-Negative and Increases Gram-Positive Bacterial Dissemination: Key Roles for Tumor Necrosis Factor/Phagocytes and Interleukin-4/Lymphocytes

In both models, the peritoneal wall was the critical border for systemic infection. These results show the dual role of the sympathetic nervous system in sepsis. It can be favorable or unfavorable, depending on the innate immune effector mechanisms necessary to overcome infection

There is now agreement that sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome are accompanied by a dysregulation of the inflammatory response. During the onset of sepsis, the inflammatory system becomes hyperactive, evoking a strong anti-inflammatory feedback response by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). 

http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/192/4/560.full

• Oxford Journals
• Medicine & Health
• The Journal of Infectious Diseases
• Volume 192, Issue 4
• Pp. 560-572.

peripheral sympathectomy causes a dramatic increase in NGF levels in the denervated organs

Increased Nerve Growth Factor Messenger RNA and Protein

Peripheral NGF mRNA and protein levels following sympathectomy
It has been shown previously that peripheral sympathectomy
causes a dramatic increase in NGF levels in the denervated
organs (Yap et al., 1984; Kanakis et al., 1985; Korsching and
Thoenen, 1985).
Increased ,&Nerve Growth Factor Messenger RNA and Protein
Levels in Neonatal Rat Hippocampus Following Specific Cholinergic
Lesions
Scott R. Whittemore,” Lena Liirkfors,’ Ted Ebendal,’ Vicky R. Holets, 2,a Anders Ericsson, and HBkan Persson
Departments of Medical Genetics and’ Zoology, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, and *Department of
Histology, Karolinska Institute, S-104 01 Stockholm, Sweden

Permanent pain following sympathectomy

The mean inpatient pain scores were significantly higher in the biportal group (1.2±0.6) than that in the uniportal group (0.8±0.5, P=0.025). For the first three weeks after operation, four out of 20 (20%) patients in the uniportal group constantly suffered from mild or moderate residual pain while eight out of 25 (32%) cases in the biportal group (P=0.366). Among them, two cases in the uniportal group and five cases in the biportal group need to take analgesics.
Chinese Medical Journal, 2009, Vol. 122 No. 13 : 1525-1528

sympathectomy affects the heart, sweating, and circulation

heart rate was significantly reduced at rest (14%), at sub-maximal exercise (12.3%), and at peak exercise (5.7%), together with a significant increase in oxygen pulse (11.8, 12.7, and 7.8%, respectively). The rate pressure product (RPP) was also significantly reduced following the surgical procedure at all three study stages, while all other physiological variables measured remained unchanged. It is suggested that thoracic-sympathetic denervation affects the heart, sweating, and circulation of the respective denervated region

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Sep;104(1):79-86. Epub 2008 Jun 10.

significant adverse effects on cardiopulmonary physiology

Because of technologic advances and improved postoperative recovery, endoscopic surgery has become the technique of choice for many thoracic surgical procedures^6and 25; however, endoscopic visualization of intrathoracic structures requires retraction or collapse of the ipsilateral lung, which can have significant adverse effects on cardiopulmonary physiology. These cardiopulmonary changes can be further affected by the pathophysiologic changes associated with the disease process requiring the surgical procedure.

Because acute changes in cardiopulmonary function can compromise patient safety severely, a clear understanding of the dynamic interaction between the anesthetic–surgical technique and patient physiology is essential. This article discusses the effect of thoracoscopic surgery and the impact of various anesthetic interventions on cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology. In addition, some recommendations for “damage control” are made.

Anesthesiology Clinics of North America
Volume 19, Issue 1, 1 March 2001, Pages 141-152

Removal of noradrenergic innervation by sympathectomy enhanced the severity of symptoms in EAE

Sympathetic regulation of Autoimmune Disease

In animal models of human autoimmune disease, alterations in sympathetic innervation, NE concentration and lymphocyte AR expression have been demonstrated. ....reduced splenic noradrenergic innervation and decreased splenic NE concentration were apparent before the onset os disease symptoms. In myelin basic protein-induced EAE and MS-like disease, a reduction in splenic NE concentration was reported at the time of maximal antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and was accompanied by an increase in the density of of splenic lymphocyte beta-AR. In chronic/relapsing EAE (CREAE) induced in rats, splenocyte beta-AR density correlated positively with the severity of CREAE. Removal of noradrenergic innervation by chemical sympathectomy with 6-OHDA enhanced the severity of symptoms in EAE...

Neuropsychiatry  By Randolph B. Schiffer, Stephen M. Rao, Barry S. Fogel Published 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins